Adhesiveness of zirconia and lithium disilicate after different surface treatments: literature review.

Abstract

Objective: this study aims to evaluate, through a literature review, the adhesiveness of zirconia and lithium disilicate after different surface treatments and to establish a protocol to be followed in the clinic. Material and Methods: the methodology was developed from the electronic search in the database National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), using the terms "zirconia surface treatment bond strength" and "lithium disilicate surface treatment", including only clinical studies in humans, in-vitro or in-vivo, and literature reviews. All articles were published in the last 16 years and written in the English language. Results: after selecting the scientific articles following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies remained for the literature review. Conclusion: after the review, it was concluded that cementation protocols for lithium disilicate and zirconia are different due to their different microstructures. Lithium disilicate should be conditioned with 4.5% hydrofluoric acid followed by phosphoric acid smearing, silane (hot air drying), and universal adhesive application. On the other hand, zirconia restorations should be sandblasted with silica-coated aluminum oxide followed by silanization or blasting with aluminum oxide, associated with zirconium primer application.