Osteoporosis type 1 and its relation with periodontal disease

Abstract

Osteoporosis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with bone loss mediated by local and systemic factors. Type 1 osteoporosis is a heterogeneous disease that occurs after the natural or surgical menopause and leads to a decrease in bone mass. The risk for periodontitis can increase due to this osteoporosis type because the density decrease of alveolar bone leads to a greater susceptibility of reabsorption by the effect of coexisting or subsequent periodontal infection. Thereby, the objective of this panel is to evaluate a possible relationship between periodontal disease and type 1 osteoporosis through a literature review. Recent researches indicate that women with osteoporosis often present a clinical condition with more intense gingival inflammation, as well as values of clinical insertion loss and gingival recession higher than the women with normal bone mineral density. A higher loss of periodontal insertion observed in women with osteoporosis ratifies the association between osteoporosis and the level of clinical insertion, thus confirming that women at postmenopausal stage with osteoporosis are more susceptible to periodontitis.