Nanoparticles and endodontics applications: a literature review

Abstract

Objective: the purpose of this article was to present a review of the literature on available scientific knowledge about the application of nanoparticles in endodontics. Material and Methods: the following properties were evaluated: antimicrobial activity, prevention against biofilms formation as well as their elimination, compatibility, resistance to aging, mechanical resistance, dispersion to complex anatomy regions and tissue regeneration. A bibliographic research of studies was performed from 2004 to june 2017, collected through the SciELO and Medline databases. Results: a total of 50 articles were selected. Most of the studies that evaluated the antimicrobial activity showed positive results regarding the incorporation of nanoparticles. Those that evaluated the mechanical and structural properties of the materials, found an increase in stiffness, microhardness, and a lower porosity, which is related to increased resistance of these materials. When added to materials, most studies conclude that the properties were not modified and when there were adjustments, they caused a positive synergistic effect. Regarding biocompatibility, there are an increase in toxicity in high concentrations of nanoparticles, however, other studies affirm biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, being this characteristic associated with the type of nanoparticle. Conclusion: it was concluded that nanoparticles are currently being evaluated at the laboratory level, with promising results for future clinical practices.